So, What Are The Health Related Components of Physical Fitness? The health-related components of physical fitness are essential for overall well-being and daily functioning. These include cardiovascular endurance, which improves heart and lung function; muscular strength, which enhances the ability to lift and move objects; muscular endurance, allowing muscles to perform over time without fatigue; flexibility, which aids joint movement and reduces injury risk; and body composition, the ratio of fat to lean mass in the body.